Essay concerning me
C H A P T E R
12
Evaluate Your
Argument forward the Issue
In this chapter you determine learn how to identify and crush errors in
reasoning. This is a specific step that applies only to issues on this account that
resolving issues involves finding the greatest in number reasonable belief.
Two broad kinds of misprints are examined—errors affecting the
verity of your ideas and errors moving the quality of your reasoning.
A step-~ means of-step approach to evaluate arguments is moreover included.
B
ecause your main objective in addressing an issue is not to supply with food the most
effective action but to resolve the most reasonable belief, your large basket task
in refining an issue is to evaluate your subject to be sure that it is ingenuous of error.
Two broad kinds of oversight must be considered. The first affects the conformity to fact of the
argument’s premises or assertions. The support affects the argument’s validity—
that is, the legitimacy of the reasoning by which the upshot was reached.
A sound argument is the pair true and valid.
ERRORS AFFECTING TRUTH
ISBN 1-256-46689-1
Errors moving truth are found by testing the faithfulness of the premises and the close as individual statements. The first and greatest part common error in this category is
frank factual inaccuracy. If we have investigated the issue strictly and have taken
care to verify our evidence whenever possible, such errata should not be present. We
demise therefore limit our consideration to the greater degree of subtle and common errors:
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•
•
•
Either/or judgment
Avoiding the issue
Overgeneralizing
Oversimplifying
209
The Art of Thinking: A Guide to Critical and Creative Thought, Tenth Edition, through Vincent Ryan Ruggiero. Published by Pearson. Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc.
210
Chapter 12
Evaluate Your Argument in c~tinuance the Issue
• Double standard
• Shifting the refrain of proof
• Irrational appeal
Either/Or Thinking
This blunder consists of believing that only brace choices are possible in situations in
what one. there are...
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