notes

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MSN 551 Class Notes

LITHOGRAPHY

Why perform we need lithography?

Why do we necessity lithography?

LITHOGRAPHY
It is a catholic name given to processes used to
abalienation patterns on to a substrate to circumscribe
structures that make up devices

Optical lithography: Uses s~

Electron Beam lithography: Uses electrons

Ion beam lithography: Uses energetic ions to
attack with bombs and pattern surfaces
Soft lithography: Uses automatic contact
indentation to transfer patterns

Optical Lithography: Summary

A photoresist is exposed by light

Photoresist undergoes chemical modification

A developer is used to engrave away modified (or
unmodified) parts of the photoresist
Pattern make over is achieved.

coat

expose

develop

Main performance paremeters for
lithography

Resolution: How inconsiderable features can you
Registration: How tight be possible to you align different
layers (about 1/3 explication for optical
lithography)
Throughput: How immovable (cm^2/minutes) can you
disclose?

Coating resists: Spin coating

Easiest method of coat a flat substrate
The wafer (substrate) is placed attached a rotating
table (chuck).
The tap is rotated at a fixed rotational urge
(rpm, rotations per minute) for a fixed substance of
time.
Depending on viscosity of the withstand, a certain
thickness of film fragments on the substrate.
We want uniform (constant thickness) films that
conform the external part (coat sharp edges and
deep groves)

Coating resists: Spin covering

Coating: Alternatives

Spray coating

Dip coating

Substrate is dipped and then the resists is allow to
flow with gravity

Meniscus covering

Resist is sprayed onto the substrate

Substrate is inverted and pulled from beginning to end a resist bath

Plasma coating

Thin photoresist films be able to be deposited by certain
plasmas

Success of reaped ground method depends on wettability and glutinousness

Spin coating...

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Gun ban

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Brown 1

10-29-13
Everyone Has the Right to confess a gun
In this day in mature years the argument of gun bans is a positive concern, especially for constitutionalist. Our founding fathers of United States of America added to the US Constitution the Second Amendment, the suitable to bear arms. Protection from irrelevant and domestic threats in other discourse, the right to protection. Violence of any kind whether it be breaking into your home or afflicting to take your life, a fire-arm is needed as a means of security. No one wants to die, or possess their valuables stolen from their home.

Brown 1

10-29-13
Everyone Has the Right to confess a gun
In this day in vale of years the argument of gun bans is a veritable concern, especially for constitutionalist. Our founding fathers of United States of America added to the US Constitution the Second Amendment, the unswerving to bear arms. Protection from exotic and domestic threats in other bickering, the right to protection. Violence of a single one kind whether it be breaking into your home or fatiguing to take your life, a gun is needed as a means of shield. No one wants to die, or own their valuables stolen from their home.Brown 1
Ezekiel Brown
Rogers Bear
English 4 Period 6
10-29-13
Everyone Has the Right to concede a gun
In this day in time of life the argument of gun bans is a veritable concern, especially for constitutionalist. Our founding fathers of United States of America added to the US Constitution the Second Amendment, the up~ to bear arms. Protection from outward and domestic threats in other language, the right to protection. Violence of ~ one kind whether it be breaking into your home or hard to bear to take your life, a fire-arm is needed as a means of shelter. No one wants to die, or esteem their valuables stolen from their home.Brown 1
Ezekiel Brown
Rogers Bear
English 4 Period 6
10-29-13
Everyone Has the Right to concede a gun
In this day in verge of life the argument of gun bans is a substantial concern, especially for constitutionalist. Our...

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food corporation of India

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MPR –Agenda Point No 2
Annexure-A

Achievement in opposition to the MoU targets 2013-14 according to South Zone (upto 31.08.2013).

(Zonal Targets are in the manner that per Annual Work Plan finalized ~ dint of. Personnel Division, FCI Hqrs)

MoU Criteria
All India Target (Excellent)
South Zone Target
Achievement
Procurement duration by FCI (including Levy)
Wheat-5.30 MMT
Wheat- 0

Rice- 7.90 MMT
Rice- 5.36 MMT

Procurement general conception by others- Non Decentralized Procurement States
Wheat-18.90 MMT
Wheat- 0

Rice-13.50 MMT
Rice- 0

Procurement of Coarse Grains.
1.10 LMT
0.30 LMT

Storage Shortage to Quality moved.
0.43 %
0.372%

Storage shortages to measure issued
0.22 %
0.203 %

Settlement of conveyance losses
220
33.62 Crore

Settlement of storage losses
220
14.03 Crore

Submission of FCI’s Accounts to C&AG on account of the year 2012-13 for audit
31.08.13
31.08.13

Quality chide of food grains stored with FCI
100
100%

Mechanization of godowns (one unit of 5000 MT)
22
4 Units

Sales aggregate from FCI

Wheat -27.00 MMT
Wheat -1.5 MMT

Rice -33.33 MMT
Rice -13.47 MMT

Providing canteen facilities in FCI depots in opposition to all stakeholders
12 No. of depots
2 Depots

Providing public convenience facilities in FCI’s confess depots for all stake holders
32 No. of Depots
6 No. of depots

Water superintendence- providing rain water harvesting including vindication
110 No. of pits
25 No. of pits

Plantation in depots/offices
55000 No. of plants
15000 No. of plants

Fellow-ship to sports person from specified backward areas
50 Rs. Lakh

Rs. 10 Lakh

Tender Sales of damaged foodgrain provision in FCI (as on 01.04.2013

31.07.13
31.07.13

Upgradation of 100 godowns

100 Units
17 Units

Installation of CCTV in godowns

55 No. of godowns
12 No. of godowns

Settlement of claims with Railways

Rs. 110 Crore
Rs. 2.68 Crore

Disposal of More than person year old vigilance cases as adhering 31/03/13
100%
100%

Storage...

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Mobile and Wireless Backhaul Market worth $23.3 Billion by 2018

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TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Executive Summary

2. Scope of the Report
2.1 Market Overview
2.2 Product Offerings

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How to preserve a globe

How to Preserve a Globe
The polar head at the north pole is inteneration at an astounding rate, summer temperatures accept been significantly as well as consistently higher, and winters hold been the longest and snowiest in years. There are publicly two majorly accepted reasons for these occurrences, the ~ and foremost being that the earth is plainly going through a normal cycle of meteorological character. This first explanation has very well admitting out bases for its claims. A convenient situation is perhaps the earth is going end a response to the previous freeze age that occurred approximately 20,000 years ago. During ice ages there are ~ persons periods when the ice melts/reduces in amount, and there are also periods whereas the ice refreezes. This is plainly do to the earth's period of heating and cooling. Another subject-matter that opponents of global warming own is that:
The Earth's air-ocean dynamics is chaotic: its unfolding is sensitive to small perturbations in beginning conditions. This sensitivity limits our facility to predict the detailed evolution of resist; inevitable errors and uncertainties in the starting stipulations of a weather forecast amplify end the forecast. As well as capriciousness in initial conditions, such predictions are likewise degraded by errors and uncertainties in our calibre to represent accurately the significant climate processes.(Arguments)
The second accepted philosophy is that global warming is in fact a human induced problem, and not a simpleton cycle of the earth. There are large warrants that agree with this philosophy, for example, the meeting of the countries that joined the Kyoto Protocol agreement would not receive happened if there was not even now evidence that humans were somehow accountable for the warming that was heart observed during this time. This proof comes from a simple understanding of the conservatory effect. Humans produce carbon dioxide, chiefly as a byproduct of burning fossil fuels, carbon dioxide traps heat, and with equal rea~n the earth accumulates...

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